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Qu'est-ce (qui) est cryptozoite$17964$ - définition
![Over 3000 species of lizard, including the [[Carolina anole]] (''Anolis carolinensis''), carry some 90 kinds of malaria.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anolis carolinensis.jpg?width=200 "Over 3000 species of lizard, including the [[Carolina anole]] (''Anolis carolinensis''), carry some 90 kinds of malaria.")
![The mosquito ''[[Anopheles stephensi]]'' is among the blood-feeding insects that can be infected by a species of ''Plasmodium''.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anopheles stephensi.jpeg?width=200 "The mosquito ''[[Anopheles stephensi]]'' is among the blood-feeding insects that can be infected by a species of ''Plasmodium''.")
![Oldest mosquito fossil with ''[[Plasmodium dominicana]]'', 15–20 million years old](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Culex malariager in Dominican amber.jpg?width=200 "Oldest mosquito fossil with ''[[Plasmodium dominicana]]'', 15–20 million years old")
![[[Sporozoite]]s, one of several different forms of the parasite, from a mosquito](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Malaria Sporozoites (16657642929).jpg?width=200 "[[Sporozoite]]s, one of several different forms of the parasite, from a mosquito")
![Ring forms of ''Plasmodium'' inside human red blood cells ([[Giemsa stain]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Malarial parasites, Plasmodium species, ring forms in red blood cells.jpg?width=200 "Ring forms of ''Plasmodium'' inside human red blood cells ([[Giemsa stain]])")
![''Plasmodium'' is a [[eukaryote]] but with unusual features.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plasmodium.png?width=200 "''Plasmodium'' is a [[eukaryote]] but with unusual features.")
![Many birds, from raptors to passerines like the [[red-whiskered bulbul]] (''Pycnonotus jocosus''), can carry malaria.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Red-Whiskered Bulbul-1.jpg?width=200 "Many birds, from raptors to passerines like the [[red-whiskered bulbul]] (''Pycnonotus jocosus''), can carry malaria.")
 species by country of origin for imported cases to non-endemic countries.png?width=200 "pmc=5392593 }} </ref>")
Wikipédia
Plasmodium is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of Plasmodium species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle.
Plasmodium is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a large group of parasitic eukaryotes. Within Apicomplexa, Plasmodium is in the order Haemosporida and family Plasmodiidae. Over 200 species of Plasmodium have been described, many of which have been subdivided into 14 subgenera based on parasite morphology and host range. Evolutionary relationships among different Plasmodium species do not always follow taxonomic boundaries; some species that are morphologically similar or infect the same host turn out to be distantly related.
Species of Plasmodium are distributed globally wherever suitable hosts are found. Insect hosts are most frequently mosquitoes of the genera Culex and Anopheles. Vertebrate hosts include reptiles, birds, and mammals. Plasmodium parasites were first identified in the late 19th century by Charles Laveran. Over the course of the 20th century, many other species were discovered in various hosts and classified, including five species that regularly infect humans: P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. knowlesi. P. falciparum is by far the most lethal in humans, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths per year. A number of drugs have been developed to treat Plasmodium infection; however, the parasites have evolved resistance to each drug developed.
Although the parasite can also infect people via blood transfusion, this is very rare, and Plasmodium cannot be spread from person to person. Some of subspecies of Plasmodium are obligate intracellular parasites.
